{"id":30918,"date":"2023-01-25T16:47:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-25T15:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/financer.com\/sk\/?post_type=wiki&p=30918"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:24:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T11:24:03","slug":"co-su-podielove-fondy","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/financer.com\/sk\/wiki\/co-su-podielove-fondy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co s\u00fa podielov\u00e9 fondy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Podielov\u00e9 fondy s\u00fa investi\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 sa skladaj\u00fa z kolekcie r\u00f4znych akci\u00ed<\/a>, dlhopisov<\/a> a in\u00fdch akt\u00edv. Tieto fondy s\u00fa spravovan\u00e9 profesion\u00e1lnym t\u00edmom, ktor\u00fd za \u00fa\u010delom z\u00edskania zisku kupuje a pred\u00e1va akt\u00edva v r\u00e1mci fondu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na to, \u010do s\u00fa podielov\u00e9 fondy, ak\u00fa maj\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ako funguj\u00fa, <\/strong>ak\u00e9 typy podielov\u00fdch fondov pozn\u00e1me, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy investovania do nich, ako aj rizik\u00e1 a v\u00fdhody s\u00favisiace s t\u00fdmito fondmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podielov\u00e9 fondy \u010do to je?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f3ria podielov\u00fdch fondov sa datuje do 18. storo\u010dia, <\/strong>kedy sa za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v Holandsku. Nesk\u00f4r sa roz\u0161\u00edrili do Eur\u00f3py a Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, a dnes s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii investorom po celom svete. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide o ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj kolekt\u00edvneho investovania. <\/strong>Vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00fa ho predov\u0161etk\u00fdm fyzick\u00e9 osoby a spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 h\u013eadaj\u00fa vhodn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zhodnocovania svojich \u00faspor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podstata fondu spo\u010d\u00edva v zhroma\u017e\u010fovan\u00ed verejn\u00fdch pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/strong> od viacer\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch investorov. Takto zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 peniaze sa investuj\u00fa do z\u00e1konom ur\u010den\u00e9ho majetku s cie\u013eom produkova\u0165 zisk.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/div>V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee aj tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9 vklady od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch investorov tak m\u00f4\u017eu zaisti\u0165 kapit\u00e1l<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faci v\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie invest\u00edcie a v\u00fdnosy, ne\u017e ak\u00e9 by investori dosiahli pri tradi\u010dn\u00fdch bankov\u00fdch vkladoch a sporiacich \u00fa\u010dtoch.<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n

Ako funguj\u00fa podielov\u00e9 fondy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Princ\u00edp fungovania podielov\u00fdch fondov je jednoduch\u00fd. Investor do fondu prispieva svojimi prostriedkami a t\u00fdm z\u00edskava podiel<\/strong> v kolekcii akt\u00edv fondu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1vcovia fondu sa potom staraj\u00fa o nakupovanie a pred\u00e1vanie akt\u00edv<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci fondu s cie\u013eom dosiahnu\u0165 zisk pre investorov. Ke\u010f fond dosiahne zisk, spr\u00e1vcovia ho rozdelia medzi svojich investorov v pomere k ich podielom v fondu.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/div>Fondy s\u00fa spravovan\u00e9 spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami, (tzv. asset management).<\/strong> S\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 z t\u00edmu sk\u00fasen\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov. Ich \u00falohou je stara\u0165 sa o finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky investorov s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 efekt\u00edvny sp\u00f4sob zhodnocovania kapit\u00e1lu s dostato\u010dnou diverzifik\u00e1ciou.<\/div>\n\n\n

Na v\u0161etky kroky jednotliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed dohliada depozit\u00e1r, \u010do je v tomto pr\u00edpade obvykle banka. <\/strong>T\u00e1 vedie \u00fa\u010dty pre jednotliv\u00e9 fondy a tie\u017e spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy ako investor si n\u00e1kupom podielov\u00fdch fondov kupujete ur\u010dit\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd zostavili finan\u010dn\u00ed experti danej finan\u010dnej in\u0161tit\u00facie. Pri podielov\u00fdch fondoch toti\u017e kupujete akcie desiatok a\u017e stoviek r\u00f4znych firiem. Tak\u00e1to diverzifik\u00e1cia je z\u00e1kladom \u00faspechu podielov\u00fdch fondov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typy podielov\u00fdch fondov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V dne\u0161nej dobe u\u017e existuje nieko\u013eko druhov podielov\u00fdch fondov. <\/strong>Ich princ\u00edp fungovania je rovnak\u00fd, ide o akumulovanie finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov men\u0161\u00edch investorov cez spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 na glob\u00e1lnom finan\u010dnom trhu s cie\u013eom v\u00fdnosu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00ed\u0161ia sa najm\u00e4 pod\u013ea toho, ak\u00e9 akt\u00edva obsahuj\u00fa.<\/strong> Na z\u00e1klade toho ich rozde\u013eujeme na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n