Interest Calculator

Simple Interest: The cost of using someone else's money, or the return on your money when it's being used by someone else, such as through a loan or investment.

It's calculated by multiplying the principal amount by the interest rate and the time period involved.

This type of interest is typically applied to auto loans, federal student loans, mortgages (through amortization), and certificates of deposit. Unlike compound interest, simple interest is only calculated on the original principal amount.

Once you understand how interest works, you can make better-informed financial decisions and potentially save thousands of dollars over the life of your loans.

Simple interest is a quick way to calculate the charge for borrowing money or the earnings on an investment. It's based on the original amount of money borrowed or invested - known as the principal.

Here's how it works: If you have a loan or deposit, the bank or lender will pay you (or charge you) a set percentage of the principal in interest over a certain period. This percentage doesn't change, and the interest isn't added to the principal to calculate future interest - making it "simple."

In short, simple interest is like paying rent on money. If you borrow it, you pay rent to the lender. If you're the lender, you earn rent on the money you've loaned out.

Suppose you have deposited $5,000 into a savings account that earns simple interest at an annual rate of 4%. You want to know how much interest you will earn after 3 years.

To calculate the simple interest, you would use the formula:

I = P × r × t

Where:

Now let's plug in the numbers:

Now calculate the interest:

I = $5,000 × 0.04 × 3

I = $5,000 × 0.12

I = $600

So, the simple interest earned on a $5,000 deposit at an annual interest rate of 4% over 3 years is $600.

This means that after 3 years, without taking any interest payments out, the balance in the savings account would be:

Total balance = P + I

Total balance = $5,000 + $600

Total balance = $5,600

Your savings account would have $5,600 after 3 years. The $5,000 is your initial deposit, and the $600 is the total interest earned over the 3 years at a simple interest rate of 4%.

Understanding current market rates helps put simple interest calculations in perspective. As of December 2025, here are average rates across different products:

When comparing financial products, you'll encounter two key terms that often confuse consumers:

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) reflects the simple annual cost of borrowing without accounting for compounding. This is what you'll see on loan documents and credit card offers.

Annual Percentage Yield (APY) accounts for compounding frequency and shows the actual annual return on savings accounts and investments.

For example, a savings account offering 4% APR compounded monthly actually yields 4.07% APY. The more frequently interest compounds, the greater the difference between APR and APY.

Simple interest appears in more financial products than you might realize. Here's where you'll encounter it most commonly:

Most auto loans use simple interest with monthly payments. Here's how it works:

Monthly Interest Calculation: (Outstanding Principal × Annual Interest Rate) ÷ 12 = Monthly Interest

Example: $30,000 auto loan at 7% APR for 60 months

• Monthly payment: $593
• Total interest over loan term: $5,591
• Early payoff benefit: Paying off 12 months early could save approximately $1,200 in interest

Unlike precomputed interest loans, simple interest auto loans reward early payments by reducing the total interest paid.

All federal student loans use simple interest with daily accrual. The daily interest formula is:

(Current Principal Balance × Interest Rate) ÷ 365.25 = Daily Interest

Key Features:

• Interest accrues daily, even during deferment (for unsubsidized loans)
• Unpaid interest gets "capitalized" (added to principal) when repayment begins
• No prepayment penalties by federal law
• Current federal student loan rates: 5.50% for undergraduates

Example: $25,000 student loan at 5.50%

• Daily interest accrual: $3.77
• Monthly interest (if no payments): $113
• Annual interest: $1,375

While mortgages use simple interest calculations, they're structured as amortized loans where:

• Interest is calculated monthly on the remaining balance
• Early payments are heavily weighted toward interest
• Later payments are weighted toward principal

Example: $400,000 mortgage at 6.12% for 30 years

• Monthly payment: $2,428
• First payment: $2,040 interest, $388 principal
• Final payment: $12 interest, $2,416 principal
• Total interest over 30 years: $474,080

Many CDs use simple interest, especially shorter-term certificates. Current CD rates range from 3.70% to 4.25% APY depending on the term and institution.

Example: $10,000 CD at 4% simple interest for 2 years

• Interest earned: $10,000 × 0.04 × 2 = $800
• Total value at maturity: $10,800

The Rule of 72 is a powerful tool for quickly estimating how long it takes money to double (or debt to double).

Formula: 72 ÷ Annual Interest Rate = Years to Double

Positive Examples (Savings):

• Investment at 6% annual return: 72 ÷ 6 = 12 years to double
• High-yield savings at 4%: 72 ÷ 4 = 18 years to double

Negative Examples (Debt):

• Credit card debt at 24% APR: 72 ÷ 24 = 3 years to double
• Auto loan at 7%: 72 ÷ 7 = 10.3 years to double (if no payments made)

Simple interest loans are particularly favorable for:

The cost of borrowing money is referred to as interest, and the lender charges a fee to the borrower for giving the loan. The interest (usually a percentage), can be simple or compounded.

• Simple interest is calculated on the loan or deposit's principal amount.

• Compound interest, on the other hand, is calculated using the principal amount and the interest that accrues over time.

Because simple interest is calculated just on the principal amount of a loan or deposit, it is easier to calculate than compound interest.

But don't fear - Our Compound Interest Calculator is here!

While simple interest loans generally benefit from early repayment, some loans include prepayment penalties that can offset these savings.

Loans That May Have Prepayment Penalties:

• Some mortgages (typically first 2-3 years)
• Certain auto loans
• Some personal loans

Loans Prohibited from Prepayment Penalties:

• Federal student loans (by law)
• Most credit cards
• FHA and VA mortgages

How Penalties Are Calculated:

• Percentage of remaining balance (typically 1-3%)
• Fixed dollar amount
• Sliding scale based on time remaining

Impact of Payment Frequency:

Unlike compound interest, the frequency of your payments doesn't change how much interest you'll pay with simple interest.

Whether you choose to pay weekly, monthly, or yearly, the total interest cost remains constant, assuming the same repayment amount and period. This can simplify budgeting for individuals and businesses alike.

Inflation Consideration:

With fixed-rate simple interest loans, borrowers benefit from inflation because they repay with dollars worth less than when borrowed. Since the interest doesn't compound, the 'real' cost of the loan decreases over time as inflation erodes the value of money.

Simple Interest Investments:

On the flip side, for investments, simple interest may not always be the most beneficial in the long run compared to compound interest options.

Your returns with simple interest don't increase over time as they would with compound interest, where the earnings can snowball.

Clarity and Predictability:

Simple interest loans and investments offer clarity and predictability, making them particularly suitable for individuals and entities that require fixed and foreseeable financial planning. This can be invaluable for those on a fixed income or businesses with tight cash flow management.

The Federal Reserve's monetary policy directly affects the interest rates you encounter on simple interest products. At the end of 2025, the Fed has cut rates from 5.25-5.50% to 3.50-3.75%, which has rippled through the economy:

Rate Decreases in December 2025:

• Mortgage rates: Down from 7.04% to 6.12%
• Auto loan rates: Decreased but remain around 7% average
• Savings rates: High-yield accounts still offering 4%+ APY
• Credit card rates: Remain elevated at approximately 24% APR

When the Fed cuts rates, borrowing becomes cheaper, but the full impact takes time to reach consumers. Conversely, when rates rise, borrowing costs increase across most loan products.