Unsecured Personal Loans
The most common type of hardship loan. You borrow a fixed amount, receive it as a lump sum, and repay it in monthly installments. No collateral required, but you'll generally need a credit score of at least 550 to 640 for most lenders. APRs range from 6.2% to 35.99%.
Secured Personal Loans
If your credit score is too low for an unsecured loan, you can put up collateral like a vehicle or savings account to secure the loan. Secured loans may offer lower rates, but you risk losing the collateral if you default. OneMain Financial and some credit unions offer secured hardship loans.
Payday Alternative Loans (PALs)
Offered exclusively by federal credit unions, PALs are small-dollar loans ($200 to $2,000) with a maximum APR of 28%. They're designed as a safer alternative to payday loans, with repayment terms of one to 12 months. You need to be a credit union member for at least one month to qualify.
401(k) Hardship Withdrawals
If you have a 401(k) with your employer, you may be able to take a hardship withdrawal for certain qualifying expenses like medical bills, funeral costs, or preventing eviction. Unlike a 401(k) loan, a hardship withdrawal doesn't need to be repaid. However, you'll owe income tax on the amount, plus a 10% early withdrawal penalty if you're under 59 1/2 (with some exceptions). This should be a last resort because of the tax hit and the permanent reduction to your retirement savings.
Government and Nonprofit Assistance
Before taking out any loan, check whether you qualify for government assistance programs. Options include FEMA disaster relief, SBA disaster loans (interest rates as low as 4%), SNAP benefits, LIHEAP for utility assistance, and state-specific emergency aid programs. The Federal Employee Education and Assistance Fund (FEEA) offers emergency loans up to $1,500 for federal workers. Visit USA.gov for a complete list of available programs.