The alternative investment universe is broad. Here are examples of alternative investments that are most commonly available to individual investors today:
Precious Metals
Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium serve as classic portfolio hedges. Gold in particular tends to rise during periods of economic uncertainty and has maintained its purchasing power for centuries. You can invest through physical bullion, ETFs, futures contracts, or mining stocks.
Commodities
Beyond metals, commodities include energy products (oil, natural gas), agricultural goods (wheat, corn, soybeans), and industrial materials (copper, lumber). Commodity prices are driven by global supply and demand rather than corporate performance, giving them a distinct return profile.
Real Estate
Real estate is the most accessible alternative for most investors. Options range from direct property ownership to Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) that trade like stocks. REITs are required to distribute at least 90% of taxable income as dividends, making them attractive for income-focused investors.
Options and Futures
Derivatives let you profit from price movements without owning the underlying asset. Options give you the right (not the obligation) to buy or sell at a set price. Futures contracts lock in a price for future delivery. Both require a solid understanding of the mechanics before trading.
Currencies (Forex)
The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with over $7.5 trillion traded daily. Currency trading lets you profit from exchange rate movements between currency pairs like EUR/USD or GBP/JPY.
Private Equity and Venture Capital
These involve investing in private companies, either established firms (private equity) or startups (venture capital). Returns can be substantial, but your money is typically locked up for years and minimums are high.
Hedge Funds
Hedge funds pool investor capital and use sophisticated strategies like short selling, leverage, and arbitrage. They're typically limited to accredited investors and charge higher fees than traditional funds.